1. Chain Surveying and Modernization in Land Surveying

26.2.1 Electronic distance meter (EDM) EDM is an electronic equipment which is used to measure distances easily. For measuring distances between two points, the instrument is set up at one point and a pole with a prism is held vertically at the other point. The EDM instrument transmits an infrared beam which is reflected back to […]

A chain is a device for taking linear measurements in the field. Chain surveying is accomplished by taking linear measurements only. 26.1.1 Basic principle of chain surveying The principles followed in chain surveying are: 26.1.2 Skeleton framework for chain surveying To decide on the best planning of the skeleton framework for chain surveying a field, […]