Example

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes a copy of its DNA before cell division. It involves unwinding the double helix and using each strand as a template to synthesize a new complementary strand. This process is essential for genetic continuity and is tightly regulated to ensure fidelity.

Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. For example, humans regulate body temperature through sweating or shivering to maintain a constant temperature, which is vital for optimal enzyme activity and overall health.

Symbiosis refers to interactions between different species that live together. There are three main types: mutualism (both species benefit, like bees pollinating flowers), commensalism (one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed, like barnacles on a whale), and parasitism (one species benefits at the expense of the other, like ticks on mammals).

Ecological succession is the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. There are two types: primary succession, which occurs in lifeless areas (e.g., after a volcanic eruption), and secondary succession, which occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed an existing ecosystem (e.g., after a forest fire). This process leads to increased biodiversity […]

Genetic inheritance is the transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring. Traits are determined by alleles, which can be dominant or recessive. For example, in pea plants studied by Gregor Mendel, the trait for purple flowers is dominant over white flowers, illustrating how traits are inherited in predictable patterns.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. This process occurs in chloroplasts and is essential for producing food and oxygen, making it foundational to life on Earth.

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It consists of several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis is crucial for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution described by Charles Darwin. It explains how species adapt over time. For example, in a population of moths, those with coloration that better camouflages them from predators are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their traits to future generations. This leads to a gradual change in […]

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. This process is essential for producing the energy that cells need for various functions, from muscle contraction to nerve impulse transmission.