Guide To Learn
The basic modes of transport are by land, water and air. Land has given scope for development of road and rail transport. Water and air have developed waterways and airways, respectively. The roads or highways not only include the modern highway system but also the city streets feeder roads and village roads, catering to a […]
The planning aspects of transport engineering relate to urban planning and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors. Technical forecasting of passenger travel usually involves an urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip generation (how many trips for what purpose), trip distribution (destination choice), mode choice (such as what mode is being taken) […]
Transport engineering or transportation engineering is the science of safe and efficient movement of people and goods. It is a sub-discipline of civil engineering. Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country. Transportation is vital for the economic development of any region since every commodity produced, whether it is food, […]
Geosynthetics is the term used to describe a range of synthetic products used to aid in solving some geotechnical problems. The term is generally regarded to encompass four main products: geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes and geocomposites. The synthetic nature of the products make them suitable for use in the ground where high levels of durability are […]
Geophysical methods are used in geotechnical investigations to evaluate a site’s behaviour in a seismic event. By measuring a soil’s shear wave velocity, the dynamic response of that soil can be estimated. A number of methods are used to determine a site’s shear wave velocity: Methods of observing the soils below the surface, obtaining samples […]
Geotechnical investigations are performed by geotechnical engineers or engineering geologists to obtain information on the physical properties of soil and rocks around a site to design earthworks and foundations for proposed structures and for repair of distress to earthworks and structures caused by subsurface conditions. A geotechnical investigation will include surface exploration and subsurface exploration […]
The following properties of soils are used by geotechnical engineers in the analysis of site conditions and design of earthworks, retaining structures and foundations. Unit Weight Total unit weight: Cumulative weight of the solid particles, water and air in the material per unit volume. Note that the air phase is often assumed to be weightless. […]
Soil is usually composed of three phases: solid, liquid and gas. The mechanical properties of soils depend directly on the interactions of these phases with each other and with applied potentials (e.g., stress, hydraulic head, electrical potential and temperature difference). The solid phase of soils contains various amounts of crystalline clay and non-clay minerals, non-crystalline […]
Soil mechanics is a discipline that applies the principles of engineering mechanics, e.g., kinematics, dynamics, fluid mechanics and mechanics of material, to predict the mechanical behaviour of soils. Together with rock mechanics, it is the basis for solving many engineering problems in civil engineering (geotechnical engineering), geophysical engineering and engineering geology. Some of the basic […]
The civil engineer has many diverse important encounters with soil. Apart from the testing and classification of various types of soils in order to determine its physical properties, the knowledge of soil mechanics is particularly helpful in the following problems in civil engineering. Geotechnical engineers are typically graduates of a four-year civil engineering programme and […]