Guide To Learn
Roof covering material provides protection to the roof and the structure. It prevents rainwater, moisture, heat, dust, etc. from entering into the building from top. The roof covering does not share load in the building. It is rigidly fixed to the roofing structure with various types of fittings and fixtures. The various types of roof […]
The following factors require due consideration in selecting a roof covering for a building:
A dome is a special type of shell roof of semi-spherical or semi-elliptical shape. The modern thin shell dome may be considered as an evolution of a structural form known and used by man from ancient ages. Dome structures may be divided into two main divisions: Smooth shell domes may be divided into: Smooth shell […]
Shell roofs are very useful for covering large structures, e.g., assembly halls, recreation centres, libraries, theatres and factories. RCC shell roofs are becoming very popular these days. Very less quantity of materials are required to build up a shell roof as compared to other conventional methods of roofing for the same span. The design of […]
A roof which is approximately flat is called a flat roof. It is becoming more popular with the introduction of suitable building materials. It may be constructed in reinforced cement concrete (RCC), flag stone supported on rolled steel joist, bricks, concrete or tiled arches. This roof is provided with a slight slope in one direction […]
The following are the different types of pitched roofs. 18.2.1 Lean to roof This is the simplest type of pitched roof and consists of rafters that slope in one direction only. Generally, it is used to cover the verandah of a building and projects from the main wall of the building. At the upper ends […]
The various fixtures used are: The most commonly used type of hinges is the butt hinge whose length varies from 1 to 20 cm. Various other types of hinges like counter flap hinges, spring hinges and parliamentary hinges are also being used. Barrel bolts and tower bolts are the most commonly used type and their […]
Windows are provided in the wall openings for admission of light, free circulation of air and sunshine. As a general rule, the minimum area of a window or windows should be one-tenth of the floor area of the room and at least half of this area should be made open for ventilation. 17.5.1 Casement window […]
The doors commonly used in buildings are classified into various types depending upon several factors or aspects like materials used in the manufacture of doors, arrangement of door components, method of construction and their working operation. 17.4.1 Battened and ledged door This is the simplest form of door, which is frequently used for narrow openings. […]