PROTEOMICS TOOLS
A variety of tools are available online to study the varying aspects such as:
CLASSIFICATION of PROTEOMICS
Proteomics can be broadly classified into three types namely: Expression Proteomics This is the quantitative characterization of protein expression at the whole proteome level. It involves the quantitative measurement of proteins in a cell at a particular metabolic state. Before proceeding for expression analysis, the expressed proteins in a proteome are determined. The proteins are […]
PROTEOMICS
Proteomics is the study of the expression of genetic information at the protein level (proteome). It also deals with assessment of 3D structure of proteins and their interactions. Though the RNA/cDNA microarray chips help in the study of expression levels of transcripts, it is necessary to understand that: This necessitates the development of the branch […]
MICROARRAY Or GENE CHIP
DNA microarray is a high-throughput technique that allows for rapid measurement and visualization of differential expression of genes at the whole genome scale. In a single microarray experiment, thousands of genes can be analysed and also permits quantitative gene expression (Figure 11.5). The major steps involved in this process: Figure 11.5 DNA microarray A […]
FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
Functional genomics determines the functions of genes on a large scale using new and ‘high-throughput technologies’. The high-throughput analysis involves the simultaneous analysis of all genes of a genome. The high-throughput analysis is also termed as ‘transcriptome analysis’, which is the expression analysis of the full set of RNA molecules produced by a cell under a […]
STRUCTURAL GENOMICS
It is also called the ‘classical genomics’. The first step in understanding the genome structure is through genome mapping. Genome Mapping Genome maps describe the locations of genes on a chromosome. Genome maps are of three types, namely genetic linkage maps or genetic maps, physical maps and cytologic maps. Genetic linkage maps or genetic maps: […]
GENOMICS
Classification of Genomics Genomics can be divided into structural genomics, functional genomics and comparative genomics.
INTRODUCTION
‘Bioinformatics’ is the branch of research science that involves the development of computational tools and databases for better understanding the living organisms. Bioinformatics is limited to sequence, structural and functional analyses of genes, genomes and their products. It differs from a related field ‘computational biology’ that includes all biological areas that involve computation. ‘Genomics’ is […]
PRIONS
Independent protein aggregates that cause epigenetic effects are called ‘prions’. Prions are an unusual form of epigenetics. Their stable inheritance and complex phenotypes come about through protein folding rather than nucleic acid-associated changes. They are linked to chromosomal remodelling factors. Swil, a subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex and this protein can become a prion. […]
EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AND INHERITANCE
Epigenetic inheritance describes the ability of different states, which may have different phenotypic consequences to be inherited without any change in the sequence of the DNA (Figure 10.3). Epigenetic mechanisms can be divided into two classes. Figure 10.3 (a) Types of epigenetic information (b) Inheritance of DNA methylation in somatic cells Methylation establishes the […]