These rocks are formed by the weathering action of natural elements on the original rock and subsequent transportation by air, river, glacier and sea and deposition at a different locality. The following four types of deposits occur:
- Residual deposits: Some portion of the products of weathering remains at the site of origin. Such deposit is known as a residual deposit.
- Sedimentary deposits: The insoluble products of weathering are carried away in suspension, and when such products are deposited, they give rise to sedimentary rocks.
- Chemical deposits: Some material that is carried away in solution may be deposited by some physio-chemical process such as evaporation and precipitation. It gives rise to chemical deposits.
- Organic deposits: Some portion of the product of weathering gets deposited through the agency of organisms. Such deposits are known as organic deposits.
Examples of sedimentary rocks are sandstone, limestone, gypsum, lignite, etc.
Sedimentary rocks